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Past Tense 與 Past Perfect 之用法和分別?

發問者: Clintondiy ( 小學級 5 級)
發問時間: 2006-10-14 08:45:30
解決時間: 2006-10-15 17:40:03
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Past Tense 與 Past Perfect 之用法和分別?

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回答者: pixie ( 大學級 1 級 )
回答時間: 2006-10-14 09:32:04
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動詞的過去完成時態的形態是:had + 動詞的過去分詞
動詞的過去完成時態表示:




過去某一時間之前已經完成的動作或狀態
使用這種時態,多會涉及兩個動作或狀態。一個在前,一個在後。


敘述前面的動作或狀態,動詞要用過去完成時態;敘述後面的動作


或狀態,動詞要用一般過去時態。




例如:




I had taken my supper when he arrived.


﹝當他到達時,我已吃完我的晚餐。﹞
※ 上述句子涉及兩個動作,一是「他到達」,二是「我吃晚餐」。


「我吃晚餐」在前,要用過去完成時態;「他到達」在後,要用


一般過去時態。






※ 圖示:




過去 現在 將來


_________________________│__________________________


│ │


past perfect simple past
※ 若用了 "After" 這個詞,可不用過去完成時態,因已有「之後」


的含意。即:




After I did my work, I played tennis.
   在這種情況下,"After I did my work"是: 


" Simple past Tense in form, but past perfect Tense in meaning."


﹝形式上是一般過去時態,但意義上是過去完成時態﹞
   同樣,I had seen your father before I went.亦可寫成:




I saw your father before I went.
用英文表示「我看電視之前已完成功課」,可以有多種方式:




1. When I had finished my homework, I watched television.


2. I had finished my homework when I watched television.


3. I had finished my homework before I watched television.


﹝時間順序法﹞
※ 「時間順序法」:按事件的先後次序連接起來。


如果涉及三件或以上的事件,就更需要用這種方法了。例如:




I reached the station, the bell rang and the train started.

Simple Past (過去式)




Simple Past Tense 是表達一個過去及已經結束的動作,而這個動作必須給予一個清楚的時間。簡單而言,就是如果我們在知道時間的情況下,我們會用 Past Tense,相反如果不知道時間,我們會用 Present Perfect (continuous)Tense,或 Past Perfect (Continuous)Tense,視乎情況。




因為它的用途基本上得一個,所以我亦不會詳談(實在是沒什麼可談…)。不過它還有一個用法上要注意的地方:



就是當我們把一些消息或新聞(News)告訴別人時,我們會用 Present Perfect Tense 說那件是什麼事,再以 Past Tense 細說那事件裡的細節







E.g.:My brother has got a reply. He received the letter yesterday afternoon. It was mailed by DHL.



E.g.:I have had a meeting with Jill, it was great, we enjoyed so much.



上述那兩件事用 Present Perfect Tense 的兩句句子,需要有一個先決條件,就是沒有點明時間(i.e.:不會用到 Past Tense 的時間副詞)。




End of this part----







 








Past Perfect Tense (過去完成式)




當我們想表達一個比 Simple Past Tense 更早發生的動作時,就會用上 Past Perfect TensePast Perfect Continuous Tense,現在先說 Past Perfect Tense



這個 Past Perfect TensePresent Perfect Tense 雖然名字很相似,但是用法卻有一點兒不同。Past Perfect Tense 不需要像 Present Perfect Tense 般注意什麼 "有沒有準確時間",只要在相比下較 Simple Past Tense 早,便可以交給它去辦了。







E.g.:We were there at 9:00 a.m., but the bus had gone.



E.g.:I studied hard in library yesterday afternoon, because I had got a very bad result. If I don't work hard now, I will fail again.







為了加深概念,我們再看多兩個例子吧:



E.g.:He had left ten minutes ago.



E.g.:He left ten minutes ago.







這兩個例子,其中一個是錯誤的,你知道是哪個嗎?如果單從中文翻譯:"他十分鐘前已經走了",好像是第一句比較正確,十分鐘前嘛!你認為呢?



其實我這般地問,答案當然不是啦~




這是一個對 Tenses 不熟識的考生常犯的錯誤,如果你對 Tenses 已經很有信心,請耐心地再聽多次吧,因為我喜歡 "有殺錯,冇放過…"。還記得之前我們說過,Past Perfect Tense 是一個動作比 Simple Past Tense 還要早時便可用得著嗎?因此如果要用 Past Perfect Tense,先決條件就是要有比較,那麼你應該有一個問題了:從上面的例子中,不是已經有了比較嗎?"十分鐘" 嘛!…




但其實這比較並不是 Verb to Noun, Verb to Preposition…etc(i.e. 不是與詞意相比),而是與 動詞 相比。再再再再簡單點來說,就是用 Past Perfect 之前,必須有一個 Simple Past Tense 作為其比較對象。




相反地,如果我們 "包咬頸",一定要用 "Ten minutes ago" 作比較!那麼問題便會發生了。因為單單一個時間副詞:"Ago, Before…etc"並不代表比某個時間前,反之,從以上例子中,我們應該把整件事視為一個 Simple Past Tense。因 "Ten minutes ago" 是過去了,"Twenty minutes ago" 又是過去了,在沒有 動詞 比較之下,又怎能斷定是不是比 Simple Past Tense 早呢?想一想是不是?所以並不需要畫蛇添足。








好了,一些基本理論講完之後,便來一點用法上面要注意的地方吧。








1. 當一個動作於另一個動作後 "隨即發生",我們就會兩個動作都同時用 Simple Past Tense,以表達它們迫切性。不過,這一個用法一般都較少人會注意。







E.g.:When the thief saw the policeman, he ran away.








2. 當一句 clause 以 "Before, After, Untiletc" 這些 Conjunction(連接詞)作開頭時,我們就可以用 Past Perfect TenseSimple Past Tense,隨你喜歡。







E.g.:After she took/had taken a shower, she started to do her homework.




 



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回答者: little twins ( 大學級 5 級 )
回答時間: 2006-10-14 09:35:13
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past tense---to show an action ,event /a state in the past


to show habitual actions in the past


past perfect tense ---an action which began and finished before a certain time in the past

參考資料: by little twins
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回答者: 草民一名 ( 大學級 4 級 )
回答時間: 2006-10-14 10:56:25
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The past tense is a verb tense expressing action, activity, state or being in the past.


In English, there are two distinct types of past tense:


  1. Present perfect (see perfect tense)
  2. Preterite (or simple past)

Each of these may also be found in the progressive (continuous) aspect.


Simple past is formed by adding –ed to the root of a word. Example: He walked to the store. A negation is produced by adding did not and the verb in its infinitive form. Example: He did not walk to the store. Question sentences are started with did as in Did he walk to the store?


Simple past is used for describing acts that have already been secluded and whose exact time of occurrence is known. Furthermore, simple past is used for retelling successive events. That is why it is commonly used in storytelling.


Past progressive is formed by using the adequate form of to be and the verb’s present participle: He was going to church. By inserting not before the main verb a negation is achieved. Example: He was not going to church. A question is formed by prefixing the adequate form of to be as in Was he going?


Past progressive is used for describing events that were just about to occur when a new event happened. The already occurring event is presented in past progressive, the new one in simple past. Example: We were sitting in the garden when the thunderstorm started.


Present perfect simple is formed by combining have/has with the main verb’s past participle form: I have arrived. A negation is produced by inserting not after have/has: I have not arrived. Questions in present perfect are formulated by starting a sentence with have/has: Has she arrived?


Present perfect simple is used for describing a past action’s effect on the present: He has arrived. Now he’s here. This holds true for events that have just been secluded as well as for events that have not yet occurred.




---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


The pluperfect tense (from Latin: plus quam perfectum more than perfect) is a perfective tense that exists in most Indo-European languages, used to refer to an event that has completed before another past action.


In the sentence "The blind man, who knew that he had risen, motioned him to sit down again" (from Charles Dickens, Barnaby Rudge), "he had risen" is an example of the pluperfect tense. It refers to an event (someone rises from his seat), which takes place before another event (the blind man notices the fact that the other has risen). Since that second event (the blind man's taking notice) is itself a past event and the past tense is used to refer to it ("the blind man knew"), the pluperfect is needed to make it clear that the first event (someone rises) has taken place even earlier in the past.






參考資料: Wikipedia
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意見者: mrmomrmomrmo ( 博士級 5 級 )
發表時間: 2007-12-31 18:50:18
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詳細解答,但format太差了!睇得唔好!
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